Introduction to Law

Definition of Law

all the rules of conduct established and enforced by the authority, legislation, or custom of a given community, state, or other group

any one of such rules

Common Law

A system of law that is derived from judges' decisions (which arise from the judicial branch of government), rather than statutes or constitutions (which are derived from the legislative branch of government).

Civil Law

A legal system derived from Roman law and based on fixed rules and statutes rather than on a court’s interpretation of broad principles. Prominent in continental Europe, Latin America, Scotland, Quebec, and Louisiana.

Natural Law

A philosophical explanation of the origins of law, grounding it in purported external facts (such as biology, religious conceptions of right and wrong, and so on) rather than in human custom or practice.

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India-Malaysia ties and the future

Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim is on his first official visit to India. The main aim of this visit is to seek support for Malaysia’s application to join Brics and to fortify bilateral ties, as the country is keen to improve its connections with one of the rapidly expanding economies in Asia. In light of the increasing crumbling of the global order, particularly stemming from trade disputes between the United States and China, as well as the proxy conflict involving the United States and Russia, Malaysia is encouraged to reassess its foreign policy to uphold its neutral stance. Given India’s status as the largest democracy and the fifth-largest economy globally, along with its notable advancements in indigenous space and defence technologies, it is proposed that India emerge as Malaysia’s key partner in the years ahead. Why India is important for Malaysia The historical ties between India and Malaysia extend back several centuries, with significant Indian cultural, religious, and administ...

The by-election in Kuala Kubu Baharu (KKB) and the Indian electorate

I was born in Malaysia, belonging to the Indian ethnic group, which constitutes approximately 7% of the country's total population. My durable credence is that I am Malaysian first and foremost, and only then do I identify myself as Indian. Regrettably, it saddens me to witness and hear about the actions of certain politicians who question my loyalty to Malaysia. What is even more disheartening is that some Malaysians have been influenced by the manipulative rhetoric of these self-serving politicians. Recently, I have observed numerous discussions on both mainstream and online news platforms regarding the recognition and inclusion of Indians by ruling parties. Surprisingly, even the opposition has displayed a significant interest in the welfare of Indians. Upon contemplating the reasons behind this sudden surge in attention towards Indians, it becomes evident that it is primarily driven by the upcoming Kuala Kubu Baharu (KKB) by-election. It is noteworthy that such ...

Ties that bind religion, state: Beneficial or detrimental?

Malaysia is characterised as a secular state, a principle reflecting its founding fathers’ vision. However, over the years, certain politicians from various factions have exploited religion as a potent tool to garner public support and to suppress or eliminate their political adversaries. The slogan “untuk agama, bangsa dan negara,” which translates to “for religion, race, and nation,” suggests a troubling prioritisation of religious matters over state affairs. This shift in focus by the past and present governments, which places religious issues above national interests, poses significant risks to the future stability and unity of the nation. Furthermore, the investigation into Global Ikhwan Services and Business Holdings, which is accused of child sexual abuse and forced labour, highlights the potential dangers of intertwining religious motivations with operational practices. Also, an examination of the present state of our government reveals a trajectory similar to that of Pakistan,...

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